Dog Health Conditions

Addison’s disease (hypoadrenocorticism) is an autoimmune disorder causing insufficient production of adrenal hormones, which can be life-threatening if untreated.

Addison’s disease is an immune-mediated destruction of the adrenal cortex, leading to life-threatening hormone deficiencies in dogs.

Adult-Onset Hearing Loss is a progressive, sensorineural hearing loss that typically begins in middle-aged to older dogs.

A chronic, genetically influenced skin disorder resulting in itching and inflammation due to environmental allergens.

Atopic dermatitis is a chronic, genetically predisposed skin condition involving hypersensitivity to environmental allergens, causing itching and inflammation.

A chronic, genetically predisposed inflammatory skin disease associated with environmental allergens.

Alopecia X is a breed-associated, non-inflammatory hair loss disorder, often seen in Pomeranians, characterized by progressive alopecia and skin darkening.

Renal amyloidosis is a progressive, often fatal kidney disease resulting from amyloid protein deposition, commonly secondary to FSF in Shar-Pei.

Belgian Malinois may have increased sensitivity to certain anesthetics, similar to other lean, high-drive breeds.

Anesthetic sensitivity refers to a breed-specific reaction to certain anesthetic agents due to unique metabolic and physiological characteristics.

A congenital heart defect involving narrowing below the aortic valve, leading to increased cardiac workload.

A hereditary heart disease causing abnormal heart rhythms and risk of sudden cardiac death, most commonly seen in Boxers.

A chronic allergic skin condition caused by an inherited predisposition to environmental allergens.

Atopic dermatitis is a chronic allergic skin disease in dogs, often resulting in itching, redness, and recurrent skin infections.

A group of diseases where the immune system attacks the body's own tissues, including hypertrophic osteodystrophy (HOD) and immune-mediated reactions.

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is an immune-mediated disease where the body attacks its own red blood cells, leading to anemia and potentially life-threatening complications.

Hypothyroidism, often caused by autoimmune thyroiditis, is a common endocrine disorder in dogs, leading to decreased production of thyroid hormones.

Autoimmune thyroiditis, often resulting in hypothyroidism, is an immune-mediated destruction of the thyroid gland leading to metabolic and systemic health issues.

Beagle Pain Syndrome, or Steroid-Responsive Meningitis-Arteritis (SRMA), is an immune-mediated inflammatory disease of the meninges and arteries, seen more frequently in young Beagles.

Benign Adult Onset Epilepsy is a form of idiopathic epilepsy with increased prevalence in Lagotto Romagnolo, typically manifesting in adulthood.

Bladder stones are mineral formations in the urinary tract that can cause urinary obstruction and infection, with some breeds predisposed to specific stone types.

Bloat, or gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV), is a life-threatening emergency where the stomach fills with gas and twists, cutting off blood supply.

This syndrome comprises several upper airway abnormalities seen in brachycephalic breeds, contributing to breathing difficulties.

Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome (BOAS) is a respiratory disorder caused by the anatomical features of brachycephalic (short-nosed) breeds, leading to breathing difficulties.

Giant Schnauzers have a documented predisposition to certain cancers, particularly lymphoma, osteosarcoma, and melanoma.

Golden Retrievers have a notably high risk for several cancers, especially hemangiosarcoma and lymphoma.

Canine atopic dermatitis is a chronic, genetically predisposed inflammatory skin disease associated with environmental allergens.

Canine Epileptoid Cramping Syndrome (CECS) is a breed-specific episodic movement disorder in dogs, characterized by sudden, involuntary muscle contractions and cramping, often mistaken for epilepsy.

Canine Hip Dysplasia is a developmental orthopedic disorder causing malformation of the hip joint, leading to pain and arthritis.

Idiopathic epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures with no identifiable underlying cause, often presumed to be genetic.

A rare but breed-documented inherited neurological disorder causing progressive weakness and paralysis in young dogs.

A hereditary neurological disorder reported in some breeds, causing progressive weakness and muscle atrophy.

Canine leukocyte adhesion deficiency (CLAD) is a rare but severe inherited immunodeficiency disorder causing recurrent, life-threatening infections.

Cataracts involve opacity of the lens, leading to vision loss. They are more common in Affenpinschers than in many other breeds.

Cataracts and progressive retinal atrophy (PRA) are inherited eye disorders that can lead to vision impairment or blindness.

Irish Setters are the only breed with a documented, breed-specific, inherited gluten-sensitive enteropathy, analogous to human celiac disease.

Central Progressive Retinal Atrophy (CPRA) is a specific form of PRA involving the retinal pigment epithelium, reported in Briards.

A rare inherited neuromuscular disorder causing muscle weakness and atrophy.

Cerebellar abiotrophy is a rare, inherited neurodegenerative disorder causing progressive loss of coordination due to cerebellar cell death.

A rare, inherited neurodegenerative disorder causing progressive loss of coordination and balance.

Cerebral hypoplasia is a rare, breed-specific neurological disorder characterized by underdevelopment of parts of the brain, leading to ataxia and coordination problems.

A congenital or developmental condition leading to instability of the first two cervical vertebrae, causing neck pain and neurological deficits.

Cervical Spondylomyelopathy (Wobbler Syndrome) is a neurological disorder caused by compression of the spinal cord in the neck, leading to a characteristic wobbly gait.

Cervical vertebral instability (Wobbler syndrome) is a neurological disorder caused by compression of the spinal cord in the neck, leading to progressive weakness and incoordination.

Cherry eye is the prolapse of the gland of the third eyelid, causing a red mass in the inner corner of the eye.

A genetic skeletal disorder causing abnormal bone and cartilage development, resulting in disproportionate dwarfism.

Chronic active hepatitis is a progressive liver disease often associated with copper accumulation and immune-mediated injury, leading to liver failure if untreated.

Norwegian Lundehunds are predisposed to chronic or recurrent gastrointestinal infections due to compromised intestinal function.

Chylothorax is the accumulation of lymphatic fluid (chyle) in the chest cavity, causing respiratory distress and requiring prompt intervention.

Cobalamin deficiency is common in Norwegian Lundehunds, often secondary to gastrointestinal disease, and can lead to anemia and neurological symptoms.

A progressive weakening of the tracheal cartilage, leading to airway collapse and chronic cough, especially in toy breeds.

Collapsing trachea is a condition where the tracheal rings weaken, leading to airway obstruction and a characteristic cough, especially in small breeds.

A congenital defect affecting the development of the choroid, retina, and optic nerve, leading to variable vision impairment.

Comedone syndrome, also known as 'Schnauzer bumps,' is a breed-specific skin disorder characterized by blackheads and follicular cysts along the back.

A hereditary retinal disorder causing day blindness due to loss of cone photoreceptors.

Congenital alopecia is a hereditary condition resulting in partial or complete hairlessness, often associated with dental anomalies, and is a defining trait in certain hairless dog breeds.

A hereditary condition causing partial or complete hearing loss, often associated with merle or leopard (spotted) coat patterns.

A genetic disorder affecting hair, teeth, and skin development, responsible for the hairless trait in certain dog breeds.

Congenital Hairlessness is a breed-defining trait linked to a genetic mutation that also affects skin, teeth, and sometimes sweat glands, leading to unique health considerations.

Congenital hypothyroidism is a rare but documented endocrine disorder leading to stunted growth and developmental abnormalities.

Congenital hypotrichosis is a rare, inherited condition causing partial or complete hair loss in affected dogs.

Congenital Myasthenia Gravis is a rare hereditary neuromuscular disorder causing muscle weakness due to impaired nerve-muscle communication.

Congenital sensorineural deafness is a hereditary condition causing partial or complete hearing loss in dogs, often associated with coat color genetics.

Congenital Stationary Night Blindness (CSNB) is a hereditary retinal disorder causing night blindness from an early age, particularly in Briards.

Congenital tail defects, including natural bobtail, are caused by a specific genetic mutation and may be associated with vertebral anomalies.

A chronic liver disease associated with abnormal copper accumulation, reported with increased frequency in some breeds.

Copper toxicosis is a hereditary liver disorder characterized by abnormal accumulation of copper in the liver, leading to progressive liver damage and potentially fatal liver failure.

Corneal dystrophy is an inherited, non-inflammatory, bilateral opacity of the cornea, usually non-painful and rarely affecting vision.

A group of eye conditions including spontaneous chronic corneal epithelial defects (SCCEDs), with Boxers being highly predisposed.

Corneal ulcers are painful wounds on the surface of the eye, often caused by trauma or exposure, and can progress rapidly if untreated.

Corns are painful, hard growths (keratomas) on the paw pads, most commonly seen in Greyhounds.

A common orthopedic condition in Labradors involving rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament in the knee, leading to lameness and arthritis.

Craniomandibular osteopathy (CMO) is a developmental bone disease affecting the skull and jaw of young dogs, causing painful swelling and difficulty eating.

A common orthopedic injury in large breeds involving tearing of the cranial cruciate ligament in the knee, leading to pain, lameness, and arthritis.

A congenital condition where one or both testicles fail to descend into the scrotum, increasing the risk of testicular cancer and torsion.

Curly Coat/Dry Eye Syndrome is a rare but severe inherited disorder causing dry eye and abnormal skin and coat in affected dogs.

Cushing’s disease (hyperadrenocorticism) is an endocrine disorder caused by excessive cortisol production, leading to a range of metabolic disturbances.

Cutaneous mucinosis is a breed-defining skin condition in Shar-Pei, characterized by excessive mucin (hyaluronic acid) deposition in the skin, contributing to their wrinkled appearance and predisposing to skin infections.

Cystinuria is a hereditary metabolic disorder causing the formation of cystine stones in the urinary tract, leading to urinary obstruction.

A rare, breed-specific inherited retinal disorder causing vision loss in bright light.

Congenital sensorineural deafness is a hereditary condition causing partial or complete hearing loss, often present at birth.

A hereditary condition causing partial or complete hearing loss, sometimes associated with excessive white pigmentation.

Degenerative Disc Disease (IVDD) is a spinal condition where intervertebral discs degenerate and may herniate, causing pain, neurological deficits, and sometimes paralysis.

A progressive, age-related joint condition characterized by cartilage degeneration and chronic pain.

Degenerative Mitral Valve Disease (DMVD) is a common age-related heart condition in small breeds, characterized by degeneration of the mitral valve leading to heart murmur and potential heart failure.

A progressive, inherited neurodegenerative disease affecting the spinal cord, leading to hind limb weakness and paralysis.

Demodectic mange is a skin disease caused by overgrowth of Demodex mites, with a hereditary predisposition in some breeds.

A skin disease caused by overgrowth of Demodex mites, to which some breeds are genetically predisposed.

Dental abnormalities, including missing or malformed teeth, are strongly associated with the hairless gene and are common in hairless dog breeds.

Dental (periodontal) disease is a progressive inflammatory condition of the gums and supporting structures of the teeth, with early onset and high prevalence in Affenpinschers.

Dermatitis and skin fold pyoderma are skin infections that occur in the deep folds of the skin, especially in breeds with loose skin.

Dermatomyositis is an inherited inflammatory disease affecting the skin and muscles, seen almost exclusively in Collies and Shetland Sheepdogs.

Dermoid sinus is a congenital neural tube defect resulting in a tubular skin tract along the dorsal midline, most commonly seen in Rhodesian Ridgebacks.

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by insufficient insulin production, leading to high blood sugar levels.

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a heart muscle disease leading to progressive dilation and weakening of the heart, resulting in heart failure.

Discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) is an autoimmune skin disease that primarily affects the nose and facial skin of dogs.

Distichiasis is the growth of extra eyelashes from the eyelid margin, which can irritate the cornea and cause discomfort.

Distichiasis and ectopic cilia are eyelash disorders where abnormal hairs grow from the eyelid margin or through the conjunctiva, irritating the cornea.

Ear infections (otitis externa) are common in dogs with long, pendulous ears and can lead to chronic pain, odor, and hearing loss if untreated.

Sussex Spaniels are predisposed to chronic ear infections due to their pendulous, hairy ears and narrow ear canals.

Chronic or recurrent inflammation of the external ear canal, often due to breed-specific ear conformation.

Ectopic ureter is a congenital malformation where one or both ureters bypass the bladder, causing urinary incontinence in affected dogs.

A conformational eyelid abnormality where the lower eyelid droops outward, exposing the conjunctiva.

Ectropion (outward rolling eyelids) and entropion (inward rolling eyelids) are eyelid disorders common in Basset Hounds, leading to chronic eye irritation and risk of infection.

A complex, inherited orthopedic disorder involving abnormal development of the elbow joint, leading to lameness and arthritis.

Entropion is a hereditary eyelid disorder where the eyelid rolls inward, causing irritation and potential damage to the cornea.

Entropion is inward rolling of the eyelid margin, while ectropion is outward rolling; both are common in breeds with excessive facial skin.

A neurological disorder characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures.

Idiopathic epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures.

Epiphora is excessive tearing leading to reddish-brown staining beneath the eyes, often due to anatomical features or tear duct issues.

Episodic Falling Syndrome (EFS) is a hereditary neurological disorder causing episodes of muscle stiffness and collapse, often triggered by excitement or exercise.

Exercise-Induced Collapse (EIC) is a hereditary neuromuscular disorder causing loss of muscle control and collapse after intense exercise.

A hereditary disorder where the pancreas fails to produce sufficient digestive enzymes, leading to malabsorption and weight loss.

Eye disorders in dogs include a range of hereditary and acquired conditions that can affect vision and ocular health.

Malformations of the eyelids, particularly entropion (inward rolling) and ectropion (outward rolling), are more common in some breeds due to facial conformation.

Factor VII deficiency is a hereditary bleeding disorder due to insufficient production of clotting Factor VII, leading to increased bleeding risk.

A hereditary bleeding disorder caused by deficiency of clotting Factor XI, leading to prolonged bleeding after injury or surgery.

Familial nephropathy is a fatal, inherited kidney disease causing early-onset renal failure in affected dogs.

Familial Shar-Pei Fever (FSF) is a breed-specific autoinflammatory disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of fever and swelling, often leading to amyloidosis and kidney failure.

Fanconi Syndrome is a hereditary kidney disorder causing the kidneys to lose essential nutrients in the urine, leading to progressive kidney dysfunction.

Follicular dysplasia is a hereditary skin disorder causing abnormal hair growth, alopecia, and poor coat quality.

Fontanelle persistence is the failure of the soft spot on the skull to close by the expected age, increasing the risk of head trauma.

A breed-specific anatomical vulnerability in Italian Greyhounds, leading to a high risk of limb fractures, especially in puppies and young adults.

Gallbladder mucocele is a condition characterized by abnormal accumulation of mucus in the gallbladder, leading to biliary obstruction and possible rupture.

Gall bladder mucocoele is a condition where the gall bladder fills with thick mucus, risking rupture and biliary obstruction, and is potentially life-threatening.

A life-threatening emergency where the stomach fills with gas and twists, cutting off blood supply.

A life-threatening emergency where the stomach fills with gas and twists, cutting off blood supply.

A rare, inherited bleeding disorder caused by defective platelet aggregation, leading to abnormal bleeding.

Glaucoma is a painful eye condition that can lead to blindness if untreated, with Beagles predisposed to the primary form.

Globoid cell leukodystrophy (Krabbe disease) is a rare, severe inherited neurodegenerative disorder affecting myelin in the nervous system.

Glycogen Storage Disease Type IIIa (GSD IIIa) is a rare inherited metabolic disorder causing abnormal glycogen accumulation in liver and muscle tissues.

GM1 Gangliosidosis is a rare, fatal inherited neurodegenerative disorder in dogs caused by a deficiency of the enzyme beta-galactosidase.

Goniodysgenesis is a developmental abnormality of the anterior chamber angle of the eye, predisposing Border Collies to primary glaucoma and vision loss.

Greyhound fibrinolytic syndrome is a breed-specific bleeding disorder causing delayed postoperative bleeding due to excessive breakdown of blood clots.

Greyhound polyneuropathy is a rare, inherited neurological disorder causing progressive weakness and muscle atrophy in young Greyhounds.

Heart disease in dogs includes congenital and acquired conditions that can affect cardiac function and overall health.

A malignant tumor of vascular endothelial cells, hemangiosarcoma is an aggressive cancer with increased prevalence in certain breeds.

Hemivertebrae are congenital malformations of the vertebrae, leading to spinal curvature and potential neurological deficits.

A sudden-onset, potentially life-threatening gastrointestinal disorder characterized by vomiting and bloody diarrhea.

A genetic eye disorder causing cloudiness of the lens, leading to impaired vision or blindness.

A genetic condition causing partial or complete deafness, often associated with coat color genes in some breeds.

Hereditary cataracts and progressive retinal atrophy (PRA) are genetic eye disorders that can lead to vision impairment or blindness in affected dogs.

Cavalier King Charles Spaniels are predisposed to several hereditary eye disorders, including cataracts, retinal dysplasia, and, less commonly, progressive retinal atrophy.

Hereditary footpad hyperkeratosis is a genetic disorder causing excessive thickening and hardening of the footpad skin, leading to painful cracks and lameness.

Hereditary hemolytic anemia, often due to pyruvate kinase deficiency, is a rare but serious inherited red blood cell disorder causing chronic anemia in dogs.

Hereditary Necrotising Myelopathy (ENM) is a fatal, inherited neurodegenerative disorder unique to the Nederlandse Kooikerhondje, causing progressive paralysis and early death.

A severe inherited kidney disease leading to progressive renal failure, often at a young age.

A hereditary orthopedic disorder where the hip joint develops abnormally, leading to joint laxity, arthritis, and pain.

Histiocytic sarcoma is a highly aggressive cancer of immune system cells, particularly prevalent in Bernese Mountain Dogs.

Hydrocephalus is a congenital neurological disorder characterized by abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the brain, leading to increased intracranial pressure and neurological deficits.

Hyperlipidemia is a metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood triglycerides and/or cholesterol, often asymptomatic but can lead to serious complications.

Hypersensitivity dermatitis, including atopic and food allergies, is a chronic inflammatory skin disease seen with increased frequency in some breeds.

Addison’s disease is an endocrine disorder caused by insufficient production of adrenal hormones, leading to potentially life-threatening electrolyte imbalances.

Hypodontia is the congenital absence of one or more teeth, most commonly premolars, and is generally a mild, cosmetic condition in dogs.

Yorkshire Terrier puppies are prone to episodes of low blood sugar, especially during stress or fasting.

An endocrine disorder where the thyroid gland fails to produce sufficient thyroid hormone, leading to metabolic slowing.

A hereditary skin disorder causing scaling, flaking, and thickening of the skin.

A neurological disorder characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures, with a suspected hereditary basis in many breeds.

A progressive, fibrosing interstitial lung disease with breed-specific prevalence in certain breeds.

Immune-Mediated Hemolytic Anemia (IMHA) is a life-threatening autoimmune disease where the immune system destroys the body's own red blood cells.

Immune-mediated polyarthritis (IMPA) is an autoimmune disorder causing inflammation in multiple joints, leading to pain, swelling, and lameness.

Immune-Mediated Rheumatic Disease (IMRD) is an autoimmune disorder similar to lupus, causing joint pain and systemic symptoms in affected dogs.

Immunoproliferative Small Intestinal Disease (IPSID) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease causing malabsorption and protein loss.

A rare but breed-associated immune-mediated muscle disease causing progressive muscle weakness and atrophy.

Inherited eye diseases, including cataracts and PRA, can lead to vision loss and blindness.

A breed-specific hereditary neurological disorder causing progressive weakness and loss of coordination.

Intervertebral disc disease (IVDD) is a degenerative spinal condition that can cause pain, weakness, or paralysis, especially in chondrodystrophic breeds.

Iris sphincter dysplasia is a congenital abnormality of the iris muscle, leading to light sensitivity and potential vision issues.

Juvenile Addison’s Disease is a rare, early-onset form of hypoadrenocorticism occurring in puppies and young dogs.

Hereditary cataracts cause lens opacity in dogs, often leading to vision impairment or blindness, and can develop at a young age.

Juvenile Dilated Cardiomyopathy (JDCM) is a fatal inherited heart disease in dogs, causing sudden death in puppies and young dogs.

Juvenile Epilepsy, also known as Benign Familial Juvenile Epilepsy, is a breed-specific inherited epilepsy syndrome in Lagotto Romagnolo puppies that typically resolves with age.

A severe, inherited neurological disorder causing progressive nerve degeneration, primarily affecting young dogs.

Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) is a hereditary epilepsy syndrome characterized by myoclonic seizures in young dogs.

A hereditary kidney disorder leading to early-onset kidney failure in affected dogs.

An immune-mediated condition leading to insufficient tear production, causing chronic dry, irritated eyes.

L-2-Hydroxyglutaric Aciduria is a rare inherited metabolic disorder causing progressive neurological dysfunction.

Lafora disease is a fatal, inherited form of epilepsy characterized by myoclonic jerks and seizures, primarily affecting certain dog breeds.

Lagotto Storage Disease (LSD) is a severe, inherited neurodegenerative disorder unique to the Lagotto Romagnolo, causing progressive ataxia and neurological decline.

Laryngeal paralysis is a disorder where the nerves controlling the larynx fail, leading to breathing difficulties and potentially life-threatening airway obstruction.

Late-onset ataxia (LOA) is a hereditary neurological disorder in dogs that causes progressive loss of coordination and balance, typically manifesting in young adulthood.

Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease is a hereditary orthopedic disorder causing degeneration of the femoral head due to disrupted blood supply, leading to hip pain and lameness in young dogs.

Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne parasitic disease endemic in southern Europe, affecting dogs exposed to sandflies.

A hereditary neurological disorder causing progressive weakness and muscle atrophy, primarily affecting the peripheral nerves.

A rare but fatal inherited skin and immune disorder characterized by poor growth, skin lesions, and immunodeficiency.

Lundehund Syndrome is a hereditary gastrointestinal disorder causing chronic protein loss through the intestines, leading to malnutrition and immune dysfunction.

Luxating patella is a hereditary orthopedic disorder where the kneecap dislocates from its normal position, causing lameness and discomfort.

A malignant cancer of the lymphatic system, with Boxers having a higher-than-average risk, especially for T-cell lymphoma.

A highly aggressive cancer originating from histiocytes, most commonly affecting Flat-Coated Retrievers.

A common skin cancer in dogs, with Boxers being at significantly increased risk for developing these tumors.

MDR1 Drug Sensitivity is caused by a genetic mutation that leads to increased sensitivity to certain drugs, resulting in potentially severe or fatal adverse reactions.

Mitral valve disease is a degenerative cardiac condition affecting the mitral valve, leading to heart murmurs and, in advanced cases, congestive heart failure, especially in small and toy breeds.

A congenital heart defect causing improper closure of the mitral valve, leading to heart failure.

Mucopolysaccharidosis Type IIIB (MPS IIIB) is a rare, inherited lysosomal storage disorder caused by a deficiency of the enzyme alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase, leading to progressive neurological decline.

A rare but severe inherited metabolic disorder leading to skeletal deformities and organ dysfunction.

A genetic mutation in the MDR1 (ABCB1) gene causes Collies to be highly sensitive to certain drugs, leading to neurotoxicity and potentially fatal reactions.

Musladin-Lueke Syndrome (MLS) is a rare, breed-specific genetic disorder in Beagles causing abnormal connective tissue development, resulting in stiff skin, joint contractures, and distinctive facial features.

Myasthenia gravis is a neuromuscular disorder causing episodic muscle weakness due to impaired transmission at the neuromuscular junction.

Myotonia congenita is a rare inherited muscle disorder causing stiffness and muscle hypertrophy, most often seen in Miniature Schnauzers.

Nasal Solar Dermatitis, also known as Collie Nose or Discoid Lupus Erythematosus (DLE), is a chronic, immune-mediated skin disease affecting the nose and facial skin, often triggered or worsened by sun exposure.

Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL) is a fatal, inherited neurodegenerative disorder causing progressive neurological decline.

Labrador Retrievers have a breed-specific predisposition to obesity, partly due to a genetic mutation affecting appetite regulation.

Ocular melanosis is a breed-specific eye disorder causing pigment accumulation in the eye, leading to glaucoma and potential vision loss.

Chihuahuas commonly have a persistent open fontanelle (soft spot on the skull) due to delayed or incomplete closure of the cranial bones.

Osteochondritis Dissecans (OCD) is a developmental orthopedic disorder affecting the cartilage in joints, most commonly the shoulder, causing pain and lameness.

A joint disorder involving abnormal cartilage development, leading to pain and lameness, seen with increased frequency in rapidly growing large breeds.

Osteosarcoma is an aggressive malignant bone tumor, most commonly affecting the limbs of large and giant breed dogs.

Otitis externa is inflammation of the external ear canal, commonly resulting in chronic ear infections, especially in breeds with pendulous ears.

Pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas, which can range from mild to life-threatening and is often associated with dietary or metabolic factors.

Pannus (chronic superficial keratitis) is an immune-mediated eye disease causing progressive corneal inflammation and potential blindness.

A self-limiting, painful bone condition affecting young, rapidly growing dogs.

Patellar luxation is the dislocation of the kneecap, which can cause a range of mobility issues in affected dogs.

Patent ductus arteriosus is a congenital heart defect where a fetal blood vessel fails to close after birth, leading to abnormal blood flow and potential heart failure.

Pemphigus foliaceus is an autoimmune skin disorder causing crusting, hair loss, and skin lesions, often requiring lifelong management.

A chronic, painful inflammatory disease of the perianal region, strongly associated with certain breeds.

Periodontal disease is a progressive inflammatory condition affecting the gums and supporting structures of the teeth, common in small breeds.

Persistent pupillary membranes (PPM) are congenital remnants of fetal blood vessels in the eye that may affect vision if extensive.

Phosphofructokinase (PFK) deficiency is a hereditary metabolic disorder affecting red blood cell energy metabolism, leading to intermittent hemolytic anemia and muscle issues.

Pigmentary keratitis is a chronic eye condition characterized by dark pigment deposition on the cornea, leading to vision impairment.

Pituitary dwarfism is a rare inherited endocrine disorder causing stunted growth and developmental abnormalities.

An inherited condition causing multiple cysts in the kidneys, potentially leading to renal failure.

Polydactyly is the presence of extra toes, which is a breed-defining trait in Norwegian Lundehunds and not considered a disorder unless complications arise.

Polymyositis is an immune-mediated inflammatory muscle disease with increased prevalence in the Nederlandse Kooikerhondje, often presenting as chronic muscle weakness.

A breed-specific inherited neurological disorder causing progressive weakness and muscle atrophy.

Portosystemic shunt (PSS) is a congenital vascular abnormality where blood bypasses the liver, leading to toxin buildup and neurological signs.

A rare, inherited disorder affecting the respiratory tract's cilia, leading to chronic respiratory infections.

Primary glaucoma is a painful eye disease caused by increased intraocular pressure, leading to rapid vision loss and potential blindness.

Primary hyperoxaluria is a rare inherited metabolic disorder causing excessive oxalate production, leading to kidney and urinary tract stones.

Primary hyperparathyroidism is an endocrine disorder characterized by excessive secretion of parathyroid hormone, leading to high blood calcium levels. It is most often caused by a benign tumor of the parathyroid gland.

An endocrine disorder where the thyroid gland fails to produce adequate thyroid hormone, leading to metabolic slowing.

Primary Lens Luxation (PLL) is a hereditary disorder where the lens of the eye dislocates due to breakdown of the zonular fibers, leading to pain and potential blindness.

Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is a hereditary eye disease that leads to increased intraocular pressure and can cause blindness if untreated.

Primary Secretory Otitis Media (PSOM) is a breed-predisposed condition where thick mucus accumulates in the middle ear, causing pain and neurological signs.

A rare, inherited neurodegenerative disorder affecting the cerebellum, leading to progressive loss of coordination.

A group of inherited retinal degenerative diseases causing progressive vision loss and eventual blindness.

A group of inherited retinal degenerations causing progressive vision loss and eventual blindness.

Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA), crd3 type, is a hereditary degenerative eye disease causing gradual vision loss and eventual blindness in affected dogs.

Protein-Losing Enteropathy (PLE) is a gastrointestinal disorder where proteins are lost from the intestines, leading to low blood protein levels and potentially life-threatening complications.

Protein-Losing Nephropathy (PLN) is a kidney disorder causing excessive protein loss in urine, leading to low blood protein, edema, and risk of kidney failure.

Pug Dog Encephalitis (PDE), also known as necrotizing meningoencephalitis, is a breed-specific, fatal inflammatory brain disease almost exclusive to Pugs.

A congenital heart defect where the pulmonic valve is narrowed, impeding blood flow from the right ventricle to the lungs.

Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Phosphatase 1 (PDP1) Deficiency is a rare inherited metabolic disorder causing exercise intolerance and collapse, particularly in Clumber and Sussex Spaniels.

Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency (PKD) is a hereditary disorder causing chronic hemolytic anemia due to an enzyme deficiency in red blood cells.

Renal amyloidosis is a hereditary condition in which abnormal protein (amyloid) deposits accumulate in the kidneys, leading to chronic kidney failure.

Renal cortical hypoplasia is a hereditary kidney disorder leading to early-onset chronic kidney disease and renal failure.

A congenital developmental disorder of the kidneys, leading to chronic kidney disease in young dogs.

Retinal dysplasia is a congenital abnormality of the retina, sometimes associated with skeletal abnormalities, leading to vision impairment or blindness.

A severe, inherited kidney disease primarily affecting male Samoyeds, leading to progressive renal failure, often in early life.

Scottie Cramp is a hereditary neuromuscular disorder causing episodes of muscle stiffness and abnormal gait, especially during excitement or exercise.

Sebaceous adenitis is an autoimmune skin disease causing inflammation and destruction of sebaceous glands, leading to coat and skin abnormalities.

Sighthounds, including Azawakhs, have unique physiology that increases their sensitivity to certain anesthetics and drugs.

Skin disorders such as sunburn, dermatitis, and folliculitis are common in hairless breeds due to lack of protective fur.

Dogs with white coats and lack of pigment are prone to sunburn and related skin disorders, including chronic dermatitis and increased risk of skin tumors.

Skin fold dermatitis is a bacterial or yeast infection of the moist skin folds, common in breeds with wrinkled skin.

A rare congenital malformation of the spinal cord, resulting in neurological deficits and abnormal gait.

Spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) is a hereditary neurodegenerative disorder causing progressive loss of coordination and severe motor dysfunction, typically with early onset in puppies.

A twisting of the spleen, sometimes associated with GDV, leading to compromised blood flow and splenic necrosis.

Subaortic stenosis (SAS) is a congenital heart defect causing narrowing below the aortic valve, leading to increased cardiac workload and risk of sudden death.

A congenital heart defect characterized by narrowing below the aortic valve, leading to increased cardiac workload and risk of sudden death.

Syringomyelia (SM) is a neurological disorder characterized by fluid-filled cavities within the spinal cord, often associated with Chiari-like Malformation (CM), leading to pain and neurological deficits.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disorder that can affect multiple organ systems, including joints, skin, blood, and kidneys.

A hereditary bleeding disorder characterized by abnormal platelet function, leading to excessive bleeding.

Thrombopathia is a hereditary platelet dysfunction causing abnormal bleeding, with a breed-specific form documented in Basset Hounds.

Tracheal collapse is a progressive weakening of the tracheal cartilage rings, leading to airway obstruction and chronic cough, especially in toy breeds.

Tracheal hypoplasia is a congenital narrowing of the trachea, leading to chronic respiratory issues and increased airway resistance.

Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) is a malignant tumor of the urinary bladder, with Scottish Terriers having a markedly increased risk.

Trapped Neutrophil Syndrome (TNS) is a hereditary immunodeficiency disorder in Border Collies, resulting in chronic infections and failure to thrive due to defective neutrophil release from bone marrow.

Upper airway syndrome is a group of anatomical abnormalities that cause partial airway obstruction and breathing difficulties, particularly in breeds with short or narrow skulls.

A congenital abnormality where the ureter bypasses the bladder sphincter, leading to urinary leakage, especially in young female dogs.

Urolithiasis refers to the formation of urinary stones, often due to metabolic or genetic factors, which can cause urinary obstruction and discomfort.

Uveodermatologic syndrome is a rare but serious autoimmune disorder causing inflammation of the eyes and depigmentation of skin and hair.

Vaginal hyperplasia is a reproductive disorder seen with increased frequency in some breeds, characterized by excessive proliferation of vaginal tissue during estrus.

Von Willebrand Disease is a hereditary bleeding disorder caused by deficiency or dysfunction of von Willebrand factor, a protein essential for normal blood clotting.

Von Willebrand Disease (vWD) Type I is an inherited bleeding disorder caused by a deficiency or dysfunction of von Willebrand factor, a protein essential for normal blood clotting.

A hereditary bleeding disorder caused by deficiency or dysfunction of von Willebrand factor, leading to abnormal clotting.

Von Willebrand Disease Type III (vWD-III) is a severe inherited bleeding disorder with a notably higher prevalence in the Nederlandse Kooikerhondje due to a breed-specific mutation.

A neurological disorder causing generalized tremors, most commonly seen in small white breeds like the Maltese.

A metabolic skin disorder characterized by crusting, scaling, and hair loss due to impaired zinc absorption.