Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is an immune-mediated disease where the body attacks its own red blood cells, leading to anemia and potentially life-threatening complications.
Detailed Description
AIHA occurs when autoantibodies target and destroy red blood cells, resulting in anemia, jaundice, and sometimes severe weakness. The disease can be acute or chronic, and requires prompt immunosuppressive therapy and supportive care.
Common Symptoms
- Lethargy
- Pale or yellow mucous membranes
- Rapid breathing/heart rate
- Dark urine
Management Options
- Immunosuppressive therapy (corticosteroids, azathioprine)
- Blood transfusions
- Supportive care
Frequently Asked Questions
Is AIHA hereditary in dogs?
There is a suspected genetic predisposition in some breeds.
Can AIHA be cured?
Some dogs achieve remission, but relapses are possible.
Is AIHA painful?
It can cause significant discomfort and weakness.
How is AIHA diagnosed?
Blood tests and exclusion of other causes.
What is the prognosis?
Guarded; early treatment improves outcomes.
Condition Details
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Typical Age of Onset
Middle-aged (5–8 years), but can occur at any age
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Testing Available
No
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Diagnosing Methods
CBC and blood smear; Coombs’ test; Autoagglutination test
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Preventative Measures
None specific; early recognition and treatment are critical
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Related Conditions
Phosphofructokinase deficiency, Other causes of anemia