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Health Condition

Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome

Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome (BOAS) is a respiratory disorder caused by the anatomical features of brachycephalic (short-nosed) breeds, leading to breathing difficulties.

Detailed Description

BOAS results from a combination of anatomical abnormalities including stenotic nares, elongated soft palate, hypoplastic trachea, and everted laryngeal saccules. These features cause partial obstruction of the upper airway, leading to increased respiratory effort, exercise intolerance, and heat sensitivity. Chronic airway obstruction can result in secondary changes and progressive worsening, impacting quality of life and potentially leading to life-threatening situations.

Common Symptoms

  • Noisy breathing
  • Snoring
  • Exercise intolerance
  • Gagging
  • Cyanosis
  • Collapse

Management Options

  • Weight management
  • Surgical correction (nares, soft palate, saccules)
  • Environmental management (avoid heat/exertion)

Frequently Asked Questions

Can BOAS be cured?

It can be managed and improved, especially with surgery, but anatomical predisposition remains.

Is it safe for brachycephalic dogs to exercise?

Moderate, supervised exercise is safe; avoid heat and overexertion.

Can puppies be screened for BOAS?

Early signs can be detected, but full assessment is best after skeletal maturity.

Is BOAS hereditary?

Yes, it is linked to inherited skull shape.

What is the life expectancy for a dog with BOAS?

With management, life expectancy is near normal, but severe cases may have reduced lifespan.

Condition Details

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Typical Age of Onset

6–12 months

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Testing Available

Yes

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Diagnosing Methods

Physical examination; Airway endoscopy; Radiographs; Functional grading

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Preventative Measures

Breeding selection for less extreme brachycephaly; Early screening

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Related Conditions

Laryngeal paralysis, Tracheal collapse

Affected Breeds

Boston Terrier

Prevalence: 55% Severity: 4/5

Boston Terriers are among the most affected breeds, with up to 60% showing clinical signs due to their brachycephalic skull conformation.

Bulldog

Prevalence: 86% Severity: 5/5

Bulldogs are among the most severely affected breeds due to extreme brachycephalic conformation, with a very high prevalence and risk of life-threatening airway obstruction.

Dogue de Bordeaux

Severity: 3/5

Dogue de Bordeaux is at high risk for BOAS due to its brachycephalic skull conformation, with clinical signs often appearing in young adulthood.

French Bulldog

Prevalence: 60% Severity: 5/5

French Bulldogs are among the highest-risk breeds for BOAS due to their extreme brachycephalic features. Clinical signs often present early and can be severe, requiring surgical intervention in many cases.

Pekingese

Prevalence: 50% Severity: 4/5

Pekingese are among the most affected breeds due to their extreme brachycephalic conformation, leading to a higher risk and earlier onset of severe symptoms.

Pug

Prevalence: 60% Severity: 4/5

Pugs are among the most affected breeds, with up to 70% showing clinical signs. The severity is often greater due to extreme brachycephalic features.

Shih Tzu

Prevalence: 40% Severity: 4/5

Shih Tzu are among the most affected breeds due to their brachycephalic skull conformation, with up to 50% showing clinical signs.
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